Chapter 5 1 min read
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Electronic Contracts and Digital Signatures

Cyber Law and Professional Ethics · BCA · Updated Apr 23, 2026

Table of Contents

Electronic Contracts and Digital Signatures

E-contracts are agreements formed electronically. Digital signatures provide authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation.

E-Contracts

Same elements as traditional: offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, legality. Click-wrap, browse-wrap, email exchange.

Digital Signatures

Public-key cryptography. Hash document, encrypt with private key. Recipient verifies with public key.

PKI

Certificate Authority issues certificates. Registration Authority verifies identities. CRL tracks revoked certificates.

Legal Recognition

Nepal's ETA gives legal equivalence to digital signatures from licensed CAs.

E-Government

Online tax filing, land records, business registration. National ID system expanding.

Challenges

Digital literacy, infrastructure, trust, interoperability, keeping legislation current.

Summary

E-contracts and digital signatures enable legally binding digital transactions through PKI.

Related Notes

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