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Fintech and Digital Finance

Digital Economy · BCA · Updated Apr 23, 2026

Table of Contents

Fintech and Digital Finance

Fintech uses technology to improve financial services, disrupting traditional banking, payments, lending, and insurance.

Digital Banking

Neobanks operate entirely online. Traditional banks digitalising. Open banking via APIs enables third-party services.

Digital Payments

Mobile wallets: eSewa, Khalti, IME Pay (Nepal); PayPal, Apple Pay (global). UPI (India), QR code payments, contactless NFC. Cash displacement accelerating.

Blockchain and Cryptocurrency

Bitcoin (2009), Ethereum (smart contracts), stablecoins (USDT, USDC), CBDCs (government digital currencies under development).

Digital Lending

P2P lending, digital microfinance (alternative data for credit scoring), BNPL (Buy Now Pay Later). ML-based credit scoring improves access.

InsurTech

Online policies, AI claims processing, usage-based insurance (telematics), parametric insurance, micro-insurance for emerging markets.

Financial Inclusion

Mobile money reaches unbanked population. Digital identity, agent banking, simplified KYC enable access. Nepal: eSewa, cooperative networks improving inclusion.

Summary

Fintech transforms financial services through digital banking, mobile payments, blockchain, and lending. Financial inclusion expands economic opportunity.

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