Digital Video
Digital video represents motion as frame sequences. Most bandwidth-intensive media type.
Fundamentals
24-60 fps. SD to 4K to 8K. Aspect ratio 16:9. Interlaced vs progressive scan.
Compression
Spatial (within frame) and temporal (between frames) redundancy. I-frames, P-frames, B-frames form GOP.
Codecs
H.264, H.265/HEVC (50% better), VP9 (Google), AV1 (open, best compression).
Containers
MP4 (universal), MKV (flexible), AVI (legacy), WebM (web). Container ≠ codec.
Editing
NLE: cutting, transitions, colour correction. Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, Shotcut.
Streaming
Adaptive bitrate (HLS, DASH). CDNs for global distribution. Live streaming adds real-time challenges.
Summary
Digital video is central to multimedia with compression, codecs, and streaming being key topics.