Chapter 2 1 min read
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Planning and Decision Making

Organization Management · BCA · Updated Apr 23, 2026

Table of Contents

Planning and Decision Making

Planning sets direction. Decision making chooses among alternatives. Together they determine what organizations do.

Types of Plans

Strategic (long-term), tactical (medium-term), operational (short-term). Standing plans (policies, procedures) vs single-use plans (budgets, projects).

Strategic Planning

Mission/vision, environmental analysis, internal analysis, strategy formulation, implementation, evaluation. SWOT analysis combines internal and external assessment.

Decision Making

Identify problem, generate alternatives, evaluate, select, implement, monitor. Rational model vs bounded rationality (Simon).

Tools

Decision trees, cost-benefit analysis, payoff matrices, brainstorming, Delphi method, data analytics.

MBO

Management by Objectives: collaborative goal-setting, performance evaluation against objectives. Aligns individual and organizational goals.

Summary

Planning and decision making guide organizational direction through strategic planning, SWOT, and MBO frameworks.

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